Mobilya seçerken kullanılan ağaçlar seçim parametrelerimizden biridir. Uzun ömürlü ve sert ağaç çeşitleri ile yapılmış olan mobilyaları be nedenle tercih ederiz. Çünkü bu tür ağaçlardan yapılmış olan mobilayalar dayanıklı olurlar ve uzun süre kullanılırlar. Mesela sert ağaçlar olan ceviz, meşe veya çam ağacından yapılmış olan mobilyalar tercih edilirler. Eğer hafif ve kolay işlenen ağaçlardan yapılan mobilyaları tercih edeceksek bu durumda akçaağaçtan yapılmış olan olan mobilyaları tercih ederiz.
Ağaçların sert mi yumuşak mı olduğu nasıl ölçlülür? Bunun için kullanılan ölçeklerden biri Jank Yan Sertlik Testi’dir. Aşağıdaki resimde de görüleceği üzere bu testte ağaçlara bir çelik bilyenin ne kadar saplanabildiği belirlenir.
![Janka Test](https://www.precisebits.com/images/Tutorials/Janka-Hardness-Test-01.jpg)
Janka Yan Sertlik Testi, 11.28 mm’lik (0,444 inç) bir çelik bilyeyi çapının yarısına kadar çapraz damarlı bir tahta bloğa bastırmak için gereken kuvveti ölçer. Bu kuvvet hem pound-kuvvet (lbf) hem de kilo-Newton (kN) olarak kaydedilir. Bu kuvvet Janka Sertliği’dir. [1]
Aşağıda precisebits.com‘dan alınmış olan ağaçların Janka Sertlik değerleri hem pound-kuvvet hem de kilo-Newton cinsinden verilmiştir. Bu listeye göre en sert ağaç Peygamber Ağacı’dır (Janka Sertliği=4.500 kN). Bu ağacı Afrika Karaağaç’ı (Janka Sertliği=3.670 kN) ve Meksika Abanoz u Katalox (Janka Sertliği=3.660 kN) takip etmektedir.
Türkiye’de en çok görülen ağaç türlerinden olan cevizin Janka Sertliği 2.140 kN, meşenin Janka Sertliği 2.680 kN, akçaağaç (kırmızı) Janka Sertliği 950 kN’dur.
Ağaç | Bilimsel Adı | lbf | kN |
afrormosia | Pericopsis elata | 6.9 | 1,560 |
albarco | Cariniana spp. | 4.5 | 1,020 |
alder, European | Alnus glutinosa | 2.9 | 650 |
alder, Nepalese | Alnus nepalensis | 7.4 | 1,690 |
alder, red | Alnus rubra | 2.6 | 590 |
alder, white | Alnus rhombifolia | 5.9 | 1,320 |
andiroba | Carapa guianensis | 5 | 1,130 |
angelin | Andira inermis | 7.8 | 1,750 |
angelique | Dicorynia guianensis | 5.7 | 1,290 |
anime | Protium spp. | 4.1 | 920 |
apple | Malus sylvestris | 7.7 | 1,730 |
ash, black | Fraxinus nigra | 3.8 | 850 |
ash, blue | Fraxinus quadrangulata | 9 | 2,030 |
ash, green | Fraxinus pennsylvanica | 5.3 | 1,200 |
ash, oregon | Fraxinus latifolia | 5.2 | 1,160 |
ash, pumpkin | Fraxinus profunda | 4.4 | 990 |
ash, white | Fraxinus americana | 5.9 | 1,320 |
aspen, bigtooth | Populus grandidentata | 1.9 | 420 |
aspen, quaking | Populus tremuloides | 1.6 | 350 |
avodire | Turraeanthus africanus | 4.8 | 1,080 |
azobe | Lophira alata | 14.9 | 3,350 |
baldcypress | Taxcodium distichum | 2.3 | 570 |
balsa | Ochroma pyramidale | 0.4 | 90 |
banak | Virola spp. | 2.3 | 510 |
basswood, American | Tilia americana | 1.8 | 410 |
basswood, Carolina | Tilia caroliniana | 1.8 | 410 |
basswood, white | Tilia heterophylla | ||
beech, American | Fagus grandifolia | 5.8 | 1,300 |
benge | Guibourtia arnoldiana | 7.8 | 1,750 |
birch, Alaska paper | Betula neoalaskana | 3.7 | 830 |
birch, Alder-leaf | Betula alnoides | 3.7 | 830 |
birch, downy | Betula pubescens | 4.1 | 930 |
birch, gray | Betula populifolia | 3.4 | 760 |
birch, gray | Betula populifolia | 3.4 | 760 |
birch, paper | Betula papyrifera | 4 | 910 |
birch, river | Betula nigra | 5.6 | 1,260 |
birch, silver | Betula pendula | 5.4 | 1,210 |
birch, sweet | Betula lenta | 6.5 | 1,470 |
birch, yellow | Betula alleghaniensis | 5.6 | 1,260 |
blackwood, African | Dalbergia melanoxylon | 16.3 | 3,670 |
blackwood, Australian | Acacia melanoxylon | 5.2 | 1,160 |
blackwood, Burmese | Dalbergia cultrata | 14.9 | 3,350 |
blackwood, Malaysian | Diospyros ebonasea | 14.1 | 3,180 |
bloodwood, conduru, cardinal wood | Brosimum rubescens | 14 | 2,900 |
boxelder | Acer negundo | 3.2 | 720 |
bubinga | Guibourtia spp. | 12 | 2,690 |
buckeye, Ohio | Aesculus glabra | ||
buckeye, yellow | Aesculus octandra | 1.6 | 350 |
buckthorn, cascara | Rhamnus purshiana | 4.6 | 1,040 |
bulletwood | Manilkara bidentata | 14.2 | 3,190 |
butternut | Juglans cinerea | 2.2 | 490 |
buttonwood | Conocarpus erectus | ||
catalpa, northern | Catalpa speciosa | 2.4 | 550 |
catalpa, southern | Catalpa bignonioides | 2.4 | 550 |
cativo | Prioria copaifera | 2.8 | 630 |
cedar, Alaska | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis | 2.6 | 580 |
cedar, atlantic white | Chamaecyparis thyoides | 1.6 | 350 |
cedar, Port Orford | Chamaecyparis lawsoniana | 3.2 | 720 |
cedar, yellow | Cupressus nootkatensis | 2.6 | 580 |
ceiba | Ceiba pentandra | 1.1 | 240 |
chalviande | Virola spp. | 2.1 | 481 |
cherry, black, American | Prunus serotina | 4.2 | 950 |
cherry, Brazilian | Castenea dentata | 10.4 | 2,350 |
cherry, wild, European | Prunus avium | 5.1 | 1,150 |
chestnut, American | Castenea dentata | 2.4 | 540 |
chinkapin, giant | Castanopsis chrysophylla | 3.2 | 730 |
Cocobolo, Cocabolo, Cocobola | Dalbergia retusa | 14.1 | 2,960 |
coffeetree, Kentucky | Gymnocladus dioicus | 6.2 | 1,390 |
cottonwood – balsam poplar | Populus balsamifera | 1.3 | 300 |
cottonwood, black | Populus trichocarpa | 1.6 | 350 |
cottonwood, eastern | Populus deltoides | 1.9 | 430 |
courbaril | Hymenaea courbaril | 10.5 | 2,350 |
cuangare | Dialyanthera spp. | 1.7 | 380 |
cypress, Australian | Callitris glaucophylla | 6 | 1,375 |
cypress, Mexican | Cupressus lustianica | 2 | 460 |
degame | Calycophyllum candidissimum | 8.6 | 1,940 |
determa | Ocotea rubra | 2.9 | 660 |
dogwood, flowering | Cornus florida | 9.6 | 2,150 |
Douglas-fir, coast | Pseudotsuga menziesii | 3.2 | 710 |
Douglas-fir, interior north | Pseudotsuga menziesii | 2.7 | 600 |
Douglas-fir, interior south | Pseudotsuga menziesii | 2.3 | 510 |
Douglas-fir, interior west | Pseudotsuga menziesii | 2.9 | 660 |
ebony, African, Gaboon, Nigerian | Diospyros crassiflora | 14.1 | 3,220 |
ebony, black and white, pale moon | Diospyros malabarica | 7.9 | 1,790 |
ebony, Ceylon, East Indian | Diospyros cebenum | 10.8 | 2,430 |
ebony, Macassar, striped | Diospyros celebica | 14.1 | 3,220 |
ebony, mun | Diospyros mun | 13.4 | 3,000 |
ebony, persimmon, white | Diospyros virginiana | 10.2 | 2,300 |
ekki, azobe | Lophira alata | 14.3 | 3,220 |
ekop | Tetraberlinia tubmaniana | 4.1 | 910 |
elder, blue | Sambucus cerulea | 3.7 | 840 |
elm, american | Ulmus americana | 3.7 | 830 |
elm, cedar | Ulmus crassifolia | 5.9 | 1,320 |
elm, rock | Ulmus thomasii | 5.9 | 1,320 |
elm, slippery | Ulmus rubra | 3.8 | 860 |
elm, winged | Ulmus alata | 6.8 | 1,540 |
fir, balsam | Abies balsamea | 1.8 | 400 |
fir, California red | Abies magnifica | 2.2 | 500 |
fir, grand | Abies grandis | 2.2 | 490 |
fir, noble | Abies procera | 1.8 | 410 |
fir, pacific silver | Abies amabilis | 1.9 | 430 |
fir, subalpine | Abies lasiocarpa | 1.6 | 350 |
fir, white | Abies concolor | 2.1 | 480 |
goncalo alves | Astronium graveolens | 9.6 | 2,160 |
granadillo | Platymiscium yucatanum | 10.9 | 2,450 |
greenheart | Chlorocardium rodiei | 10.5 | 2,350 |
hackberry | Celtis occidentalis | 3.9 | 880 |
hackberry, netleaf | Celtis reticulata | ||
hemlock, eastern | Tsuga canadensis | 2.2 | 500 |
hemlock, mountain | Tsuga mertensiana | 3 | 680 |
hemlock, western | Tsuga heterophylla | 2.4 | 540 |
hickory, bitternut | Carya cordiformis | 6.7 | 1,500 |
hickory, nutmeg | Carya myristicaeformis | 5.74 | 1,290 |
hickory, pecan | Carya illinoensis | 8.1 | 1,820 |
hickory, pignut | Carya glabra | 9.5 | 2,140 |
hickory, sand | Carya pallida | ||
hickory, shagbark | Carya ovata | 8.4 | 1,880 |
hickory, shellbark | Carya lacinosa | 8.1 | 1,810 |
hickory, water | Carya aquatica | 6.9 | 1,550 |
hickory. mockernut | Carya tomentosa | 8.8 | 1,970 |
holly, American | Ilex opaca | 4.5 | 1,020 |
honeylocust | Gleditsia triacanthos | 7 | 1,580 |
hophornbeam, eastern | Ostrya virginiana | 8.3 | 1,860 |
hornbeam, American | Carpinus caroliniana | 7.9 | 1,780 |
hura | Hura crepitans | 2.4 | 550 |
ilomba | Pycnanthus angolensis Exell | 2.7 | 610 |
incense-cedar | Libocedrus decurrens | 2.1 | 470 |
ipe | Handroanthus spp. (lapacho group), Brazilian walnut | 15.6 | 3,510 |
iroko | Chlorophora spp. | 5.6 | 1,260 |
jarrah | Eucalyptus marginata | 8.5 | 1,910 |
jelutong | Dyera costulata | 1.7 | 390 |
juniper, alligator | Juniperus deppeana | 5.2 | 1,160 |
juniper, western | Juniperus occidentalis | ||
kaneelhart | Licaria spp. | 12.9 | 2,900 |
kapur | Dryobalanops spp. | 5.5 | 1,230 |
karri | Eucalyptus diversicolor | 9.1 | 2,040 |
katalox, Mexican Royal Ebony | Swartzia spp. (S. cubensis) | 16.3 | 3,660 |
kempas | Koompassia malaccensis | 7.6 | 1,710 |
keruing | Dipterocarpus spp. | 5.6 | 1,270 |
koa, Hawaiian koa | Acacia koa | 5.2 | 1,170 |
Lacewood, Brazilian lacewood | Panopsis spp. (P. rubescens and P. sessilifolia) | 3.7 | 840 |
larch, western | Larix occidentalis | 3.7 | 830 |
laurel, California | Umbellularia californica | 5.6 | 1,270 |
laurel, mountain | Kalmia latifolia | 8 | 1,790 |
lignum vitae | Guaiacum spp. | 20 | 4,500 |
limba | Terminalia superba | 2.2 | 490 |
locust, black | Robinia pseudoacacia | 7.6 | 1,700 |
macawood | Platymiscium spp. | 14 | 3,150 |
Madrone, Pacific Madrone | Dalbergia retusa | 6.5 | 1,460 |
magnolia, cucumber tree | Magnolia acuminata | 3.1 | 700 |
magnolia, southern | Magnolia grandiflora | 4.5 | 1,020 |
magnolia, sweetbay | Magnolia virginiana | 3.6 | 810 |
mahogany, African | Khaya spp. | 3.7 | 830 |
mahogany, Santos, Cabreuva | Myroxylon balsamum | 9.8 | 2,200 |
mahogany, true | Swietenia macrophylla | 3.6 | 800 |
manbarklak | Eschweilera spp. | 15.5 | 3,480 |
manni | Symphonia globulifera | 5 | 1,120 |
maple, bigleaf | Acer macrophyllum | 3.8 | 850 |
maple, birdseye | Acer saccharum | 6.4 | 1,450 |
maple, black | Acer nigrum | 5.2 | 1,180 |
maple, red | Acer rubrum | 4.2 | 950 |
maple, silver | Acer saccharimum | 3.1 | 700 |
maple, sugar (hard) | Acer saccharum | 6.4 | 1,450 |
marishballi | Lincania spp. | 15.9 | 3,570 |
merbau | Intsia spp. | 6.7 | 1,500 |
mersawa | Anisoptera spp. | 5.7 | 1,290 |
mesquite | Prosopis spp. | 10.4 | 2,345 |
mora | Mora spp. | 10.2 | 2,300 |
myrtlewood | Umbellularia californica | 5.65 | 1,270 |
oak, black | Quercus velutina | 5.4 | 1,210 |
oak, bur | Quercus macrocarpa | 6.1 | 1,370 |
oak, cherrybark | Quercus falcata var pagodifolia | 6.6 | 1,480 |
oak, chestnut | Quercus prinus | 5 | 1,130 |
oak, laurel | Quercus laurifolia | 5.4 | 1,210 |
oak, live | Quercus virginiana | 12.9 | 2,680 |
oak, northern red | Quercus rubra | 5.7 | 1,290 |
oak, overcup | Quercus lyrata | 5.3 | 1,190 |
oak, pin | Quercus palustris | 6.7 | 1,510 |
oak, post | Quercus stellata | 6 | 1,360 |
oak, scarlet | Quercus coccinea | 6.2 | 1,400 |
oak, shumard | Quercus shumardii | 5.8 | 1,290 |
oak, southern red | Quercus falcata | 4.7 | 1,060 |
oak, swamp chestnut | Quercus michauxii | 5.5 | 1,240 |
oak, swamp white | Quercus bicolor | 7.2 | 1,620 |
oak, water | Quercus nigra | 5.3 | 1,190 |
oak, white | Quercus alba | 6 | 1,360 |
oak, willow | Quercus phellos | 6.5 | 1,460 |
obeche | Triplochiton scleroxylon | 1.9 | 430 |
okoume | Aucoumea klaineana | 1.7 | 380 |
opepe | Nauclea diderrichii | 7.3 | 1,630 |
osage orange, horse apple | Maclura pomifera | 12.3 | 2,760 |
ovangkol | Guibourtia ehie | 5.9 | 1,330 |
para-angelim | Hymenolobium excelsum | 7.7 | 1,720 |
parana-pine | Araucaria augustifolia | 3.5 | 780 |
pau marfim, Patagonian maple | Balfourodendron riedelianum | 6.7 | 1,500 |
paulownia, royal paulownia | Paulownia tomentosa | 1.33 | 300 |
pedauk – African | Pterocarpus soyauxii | 8.6 | 1,970 |
peroba de campos | Paratecoma peroba | 7.1 | 1,600 |
peroba rosa | Aspidosperma spp., peroba group | 7.7 | 1,730 |
persimmon, common | Diospyros virginiana | 10.2 | 2,300 |
pilon | Hyeronima spp. | 7.6 | 1,700 |
pine, Caribbean | Pinus caribaea | 5.5 | 1,240 |
pine, eastern white | Pinus strobus | 1.7 | 380 |
pine, heart | Pinus resinosa | 5.5 | 1,225 |
pine, jack | Pinus banksiana | 2.5 | 570 |
pine, Jeffrey | Pinus jeffreyi | 2.2 | 500 |
pine, limber | Pinus flexilis | 1.9 | 430 |
pine, loblolly | Pinus taeda | 3.1 | 690 |
pine, lodgepole | Pinus contorta | 2.1 | 480 |
pine, longleaf | Pinus palustris | 3.9 | 870 |
pine, Monterey | Pinus radiata | 3.3 | 750 |
pine, ocote | Pinus oocarpa | 4 | 910 |
pine, pinyon | Pinus edulis | 3.8 | 860 |
pine, pitch | Pinus rigida | 2.8 | 620 |
pine, pond | Pinus serotina | 3.3 | 740 |
pine, ponderosa | Pinus ponderosa | 2 | 460 |
pine, sand | Pinus clausa | 3.3 | 730 |
pine, shortleaf | Pinus echinata | 3.1 | 690 |
pine, slash | Pinus elliotti | 3.4 | 760 |
pine, spruce | Pinus glabra | 2.9 | 660 |
pine, sugar | Pinus lambertiana | 1.7 | 380 |
pine, Table Mountain | Pinus pungens | 2.9 | 660 |
pine, virginia | Pinus virginiana | 3.3 | 740 |
pine, western white | Pinus monticola | 1.9 | 420 |
pine. red | Pinus resinosa | 2.5 | 560 |
piquia | Caryocar spp. | 7.7 | 1,720 |
poplar | Liriodendron tulipifera | 2.4 | 540 |
primavera | Tabebula donnell-smithii | 2.9 | 660 |
pulgande | Dacryodes spp. | 3 | 666 |
purpleheart | Peltogyne spp. | 8.3 | 1,860 |
ramin | Gonystylus bancanus | 5.8 | 1,300 |
red cedar, eastern | Juniperus virginiana | 4 | 900 |
red cedar, southern | Juniperus silicicola | 2.7 | 610 |
red cedar, western | Thuja plicata | 1.6 | 350 |
redwood, old growth | Sequoia sempervirens | 2.1 | 480 |
redwood, second growth | Sequoia sempervirens | 1.9 | 420 |
robe | Tabebul spp., roble group | 4.3 | 960 |
rosewood, Amazon | Dalbergia spruceana | 12 | 2,700 |
rosewood, Brazilian | Dalbergia nigra | 12.4 | 2,790 |
rosewood, Burmese | Dalbergia oliveri | 12.1 | 2,710 |
rosewood, Honduran | Dalbergia stevensonii | 9.8 | 2,200 |
rosewood, Indian, East Indian | Dalbergia latifolia | 10.9 | 2,440 |
rosewood, Siamese | Dalbergia cochinchinensis | 10.8 | 2,430 |
rosewood, Yucatan, Madagascar | Dalbergia madagascariensis | 12.1 | 2,720 |
rosewood, Yucatan, Panama | Dalbergia tucurensis | 5.4 | 1,210 |
sajo | Campnosperma panamensis | 1.9 | 425 |
sande | Brosimum spp., utile group | 4 | 900 |
santa maria | Calophyllum brasiliense | 5.1 | 1,150 |
sapele | Entandrophragma cylindricum | 6.7 | 1,510 |
sassafras | Sassafras albidum | 2.8 | 630 |
sepetir | Pseudosindora palustris | 6.3 | 1,410 |
serviceberry | Amelanchier spp. | 8 | 1,800 |
shorea | Shorea spp., baulau group | 7.9 | 1,780 |
shorea, dark red meranti | Shorea spp., lauan-meranti group | 3.5 | 780 |
shorea, light red meranti | Shorea spp., lauan-meranti group | 2 | 460 |
shorea, white meranti | Shorea javanica, lauan-meranti group | 5.7 | 1,140 |
shorea, yellow meranti | Shorea spp., lauan-meranti group | 3.4 | 770 |
silverbell, Carolina | Halesia carolina | 2.6 | 590 |
sourwood | Oxydendrum arboreum | 4.2 | 940 |
southen hackberry, sugarberry | Celtis laevigata | ||
Spanish-cedar | Cedrela spp. | 2.7 | 600 |
spruce, black | Picea mariana | 2.3 | 520 |
spruce, Engelmann | Picea engelmanni | 1.7 | 390 |
spruce, red | Picea rubra | 2.2 | 490 |
spruce, Sitka | Picea sitchensis | 2.3 | 510 |
spruce, white | Picea glauca | 2.1 | 480 |
sucupira | Bowdichia brasiliensis | 12.2 | 2,750 |
sucupira | Diplotropis purpurea | 9.5 | 2,140 |
sumac, staghorn | Rhus typhina | 3 | 680 |
sweetgum | Liquidambar styraciflua | 3.8 | 850 |
sycamore, american | Platanus occidentalis | 3.4 | 770 |
tamarack | Larix laricina | 2.6 | 590 |
tanoak | Lithocarpus densiflorus | 6.3 | 1,420 |
teak | Tectona grandis | 4.4 | 1,000 |
tornillo | Cedrelinga cateniformis | 10.2 | 2,299 |
tree-of-heaven | Ailanthus altissima | 7.7 | 1,731 |
tulapueta | Osteophloeum platyspermum | 2.3 | 512 |
tupelo, black | Nyssa sylvatica | 3.6 | 810 |
tupelo. water | Nyssa aquatica | 3.9 | 880 |
wallaba | Eperua spp. | 9.1 | 2,040 |
walnut, black | Juglans nigra | 4.5 | 1,010 |
wenge | Millettia laurentii | 8.4 | 1,930 |
white-cedar, northern | Thuja occidentalis | 1.4 | 320 |
willow, black | Salix nigra | 1.6 | 360 |
witch hazel | Hamamelis virginica | 6.8 | 1,530 |
yellow poplar | Liriodendron tulipifera | 2.4 | 540 |
yew, Pacific | Taxus brevifolia | 7.1 | 1,600 |